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In rail transport, a train is a vehicle or (more frequently) a string of vehicles capable of being moved along a continuous line of rails or other guideway for the purpose of conveying freight or passengers between points on a predetermined route. The train may be hauled or propelled by one or more vehicles designed exclusively for that purpose (locomotives) or may be driven by a number of motors incorporated in all or several of the vehicles (multiple units).

As of 2018^[update], there are approximately 1,052,000 kilometres (654,000 mi) of railway track in use worldwide. (World Bank (via Archive.org))

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Selected article of the week

Map of the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway

The Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR), also known as the Hampstead tube, was a railway company established in 1891 that constructed a deep-level underground "tube" railway in London. Construction of the CCE&HR was delayed for more than a decade whilst funding was sought. In 1900, it became a subsidiary of the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited (UERL) controlled by American financier Charles Yerkes. The UERL quickly raised the funds, mainly from foreign investors. Various routes were planned but a number of these were rejected by Parliament. Plans for tunnels under Hampstead Heath were authorised, despite opposition by many local residents who believed they would damage the ecology of the Heath. When opened in 1907, the CCE&HR's line served 16 stations and ran for 12.34 kilometres (7.67 mi) in a pair of tunnels between its southern terminus at Charing Cross and its two northern termini at Archway and Golders Green. Extensions in 1914 and the mid-1920s took the railway to Edgware and under the River Thames to Kennington, serving 23 stations over a distance of 22.84 kilometres (14.19 mi). In the 1920s, the route was connected to another of London's deep-level tube railways, the City and South London Railway (C&SLR), and services on the two lines were merged to become what was later named the Northern line. Within the first year of opening, it became apparent to the management and investors that the estimated passenger numbers for the CCE&HR and the other UERL lines were over-optimistic. Despite improved integration and cooperation with the other tube railways and the later extensions, the CCE&HR struggled financially. In 1933, the CCE&HR and the rest of the UERL were taken into public ownership. Today, the CCE&HR's tunnels and stations form approximately half of the London Underground's Northern line.

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Selected image of the week

Austrian kkStB express engine 108.04, a 4-4-2, on a turntable circa 1901.

At the end of 1884 the state railway network in Austria covered 5,103 kilometers (3,171 mi). On July 1, 1884, the kk Generaldirektion der Staatsbahnen (Imperial General Directorate of the State Railways) was founded creating the kaiserlich-königliche Staatsbahnen (abbreviated as kkStB or k.k.St.B.).

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Did you know...

...that the opening ceremonies of the Galway to Clifden railway were very sparsely attended because the event date was a strict church holiday and was reserved for attending church services?
...that following heavy damage to the Galveston Island Trolley track and cars from Hurricane Ike in 2008, substitute service with replica buses was operated until service resumed in October 2021?
...that although the former Santa Fe Railway's Galesburg station was demolished after regular passenger service to the station ended in 1996, the site is still used if derailments cause trains to use the Chillicothe Subdivision instead of the Mendota Subdivision?
...that the Fuzhou–Xiamen railway, which opened in 2010, was so heavily used that it reached capacity in 2015, spurring construction on the parallel Fuzhou–Xiamen high-speed railway for CRH passenger train services?

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Selected anniversaries

September 25

1866 – George W. Richardson of the Troy and Boston Railroad is awarded a U.S. patent for a steam locomotive pop safety valve.
1868 – The Big Four group of financiers in California purchases the Southern Pacific Railroad.
1913 – Herbert William Garratt, English steam locomotive builder and inventor of the Garratt locomotive type (pictured), dies (b. 1864).
2003 - Canadian National Railway sells most of its Turcot Yard in Montreal to the Quebec Department of Transport for $17.8 million.

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Train News

Santa Fe No. 2926 at Albuquerque, New Mexico
July 24, 2021 – Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe No. 2926, a 4-8-4 steam locomotive built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1944, moves under its own power for the first time since Christmas Eve of 1953, after nearly twenty-two years of being rebuilt by volunteers. The locomotive will be put into mainline excursion service. (NMSL&RHS, Trains Magazine on Facebook)
Big Boy No. 4012 at Steamtown National Historic Site
May 5, 2021 – Steamtown National Historic Site completes thorough cosmetic overhaul on Union Pacific 4-8-8-4 Big Boy No. 4012, which is moved back on static display before National Train Day. (NEPA Scene)
The derailed Taroko Express trainset, as seen from outside the entrance to the tunnel
April 2, 2021 – 2021 Hualien train derailment – A Taroko Express train operated by the Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) derails at the north entrance of Qingshui Tunnel in Heren Section, Xiulin Township, Hualien County, Taiwan, killing 49 people and injuring at least 200 others. North of Hualien City a construction truck had fallen down a slope onto the tracks. The eight-carriage train derailed after colliding with the truck, and then came to a rest in the tunnel, with severe damage and many casualties. (Bloomberg, CNN, CNA, New York Times, Financial Times)

The preserved C&O 1309 at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum in October 2009

December 31, 2020 – Following a complete restoration, Chesapeake and Ohio 1309, a 2-6-6-2 Mallet locomotive built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1949, the last steam locomotive built by Baldwin for the North American market, is operated under its own power for test runs. When returned to service on the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad, it will be the largest steam locomotive in regular scheduled service in the United States and take 2-8-0 No. 734’s place as the largest active steam locomotive in the state of Maryland. (Trains.com Newswire)

An Avelia Liberty train on a test run in Delaware in May 2020

September 28, 2020 – Amtrak operates a test run using one of the 28 new Avelia Liberty trains manufactured by Alstom along the full length of the Northeast Corridor to Boston South Station. Previous test runs had occurred from Washington, D.C., only as far north as New Jersey and Delaware. Barring any problems, the trains are expected to enter regular service on the route in 2021. (Universal Hub)

Berryessa/North San José station on the first day of service

June 13, 2020 – The Bay Area Rapid Transit Silicon Valley BART extension opened its stations in Milpitas and North San Jose. (San Jose Spotlight, SF Gate)

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General images

The following are images from various train-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Electric train on Djursholmsbanan in Stockholm in the 1890s. (from Train)
Image 2A narrow gauge train in Austria (from Train)
Image 3Most derailments, such as this one in Switzerland, are minor and do not cause injuries or damage. (from Train)
Image 4Union Pacific 18, a gas turbine-electric locomotive preserved at the Illinois Railway Museum (from Locomotive)
Image 5Baltimore & Ohio electric engine, 1895 (from Locomotive)
Image 6Variety of rolling stock in rail yard (from Rolling stock)
Image 7Workington stabling point in 1981, with locomotives from Classes 25, 40 and 47 parked between duties. (from Rail yard)
Image 8An early Diesel-mechanical locomotive at the North Alabama Railroad Museum (from Locomotive)
Image 9A Tokyo Monorail train (from Train)
Image 10A Metropolitan line S8 Stock at Amersham in London (from Railroad car)
Image 11A gas turbine locomotive operated by the Union Pacific Railroad (from Train)
Image 12Škoda Artic light rail train near the cathedral in Tampere, Finland (from Train)
Image 13The 1887 Daimler draisine (from Locomotive)
Image 14A coach yard in Shanghai, China (from Rail yard)
Image 15A freight car (boxcar type) for the South Australian Railways, 1926 (from Railroad car)
Image 16US-style railroad truck (bogie) with journal bearings (from Train)
Image 17The Union Pacific Big Boy locomotives represented the pinnacle of steam locomotive technology and power. (from Train)
Image 18Bombardier ALP-45DP at the Innotrans convention in Berlin (from Locomotive)
Image 19Typical American extended vision caboose (from Railroad car)
Image 20Various types of railroad cars in a classification yard in the United States (from Train)
Image 21The New Orleans Streetcar System is one of the oldest in the world. (from Train)
Image 22The EMD FT set the stage for diesel locomotives to take over from steam. (from Train)
Image 23Restored clerestory cars on display at the Mid-Continent Railway Museum in North Freedom, Wisconsin (from Railroad car)
Image 24This cab car includes a horn (top), a bell (top right), headlights (above the door), classification lights (red lights on side), and ditch lights (white lights on side). (from Train)
Image 25A German DB Class V 200 diesel-hydraulic locomotive at Technikmuseum, Berlin (from Locomotive)
Image 26Trains carrying hazardous materials display information identifying their cargo and hazards. This tank car carrying chlorine displays, among other markings, a U.S. DOT placard showing a UN number that identifies the hazardous substance. (from Train)
Image 27A Union Pacific freight train; high clearances enable double-stacked containers to be carried in well cars. (from Train)
Image 28The Japanese 0 Series Shinkansen pioneered high speed rail service. (from Train)
Image 29Stockton and Darlington special inaugural train 1825: six wagons of coal, directors coach, then people in wagons. (from Train)
Image 30A British Rail Class 150 in the United Kingdom (from Railroad car)
Image 31Pacific National diesel locomotives in Australia showing three body types, cab unit (front), hood unit (middle) and box cab (rear) (from Locomotive)
Image 32A narrow gauge battery-electric locomotive used for mining (from Locomotive)
Image 33Armored train Hurban located in Zvolen, Slovakia (from Railroad car)
Image 34China operates an extensive high speed rail network. (from Train)
Image 35A prototype of a Ganz AC electric locomotive in Valtellina, Italy, 1901 (from Locomotive)
Image 36Garratt locomotives in Zimbabwe (from Train)
Image 37An interior of a Circle line S7 Stock in London (from Railroad car)
Image 38A wooden toy train set from Swedish manufacturer Brio (from Train)
Image 39The 1902 Maudslay Petrol Locomotive (from Locomotive)
Image 40Soviet RT-23 Molodets ICBM launch train, in the St Petersburg museum (from Railroad car)
Image 41World's first useful diesel locomotive (a diesel-electric locomotive) for long distances SŽD Eel2, 1924 in Kyiv (from Locomotive)
Image 42Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare, by Claude Monet, 1877, Art Institute of Chicago (from Train)
Image 43A number of maintenance vehicles at work on Metro-North Railroad (from Train)
Image 44A China Railways HXD1D electric locomotive in China (from Locomotive)
Image 45Second-class compartment of a China Railways CRH1A-A train (from Train)
Image 46A preserved armored train (from Train)
Image 47Southern Railway (UK) 20002 was equipped with both pantograph and contact shoes (from Locomotive)
Image 48A large Amtrak and Metra coach yard just south of Chicago Union Station. About 25 percent of all rail traffic in the United States travels through the Chicago area. (from Rail yard)
Image 49Inside a modern-day car from Finland (from Railroad car)
Image 50A London Underground battery-electric locomotive at West Ham station used for hauling engineers' trains (from Locomotive)
Image 51The "hump" of a hump yard. Railcars travel past retarders, which control their speed, and are directed onto tracks to be assembled into new trains. The control tower operates the retarders. (from Rail yard)
Image 52British Rail Mark 3 coach, an all-steel car from the 1970s (from Railroad car)
Image 53Werner von Siemens experimental DC electric train, 1879 (from Locomotive)
Image 54A Victorian Railways R class steam locomotive in Australia (from Locomotive)
Image 55This map of Cedar Hill Yard in Connecticut shows a variety of different facilities, including receiving yards, departure yards, classification yards, and a repair yard. (from Rail yard)
Image 56Yard for Amtrak equipment, located next to the Los Angeles River. The two tracks on the left are the mainline. (from Rail yard)