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Lloyd Axworthy

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Lloyd Axworthy
Lloyd Axworthy, Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs, in 1999
President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Winnipeg
In office
June 6, 2004 – June 27, 2014
ChancellorSanford Riley
Bob Silver
Preceded byPatrick Deane (acting)
Succeeded byAnnette Trimbee
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
January 25, 1996 – October 16, 2000
Prime MinisterJean Chrétien
Preceded byAndré Ouellet
Succeeded byJohn Manley
Minister of Employment and Immigration
In office
November 4, 1993 – January 24, 1996
Prime MinisterJean Chrétien
Preceded byBernard Valcourt
Succeeded byDoug Young
In office
March 3, 1980 – August 11, 1983
Prime MinisterPierre Trudeau
Preceded byRon Atkey
Succeeded byJohn Roberts
Minister of Labour
In office
November 4, 1993 – February 21, 1995
Prime MinisterJean Chrétien
Preceded byBernard Valcourt
Succeeded byLucienne Robillard
Minister of Transport
In office
August 12, 1983 – September 16, 1984
Prime MinisterPierre Trudeau
John Turner
Preceded byJean-Luc Pépin
Succeeded byDon Mazankowski
Member of Parliament
for Winnipeg South Centre
(Winnipeg—Fort Garry; 1979–1988)
In office
May 22, 1979 – November 27, 2000
Preceded byRiding established
Succeeded byAnita Neville
Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for Fort Rouge
In office
June 28, 1973 – April 6, 1979
Preceded byInez Trueman
Succeeded byJune Westbury
Personal details
Born
Lloyd Norman Axworthy

(1939-12-21) December 21, 1939 (age 84)
North Battleford, Saskatchewan, Canada
Political partyLiberal
Other political
affiliations
New Democratic
Alma materUniversity of Winnipeg (BA)
Princeton University (Ph.D.)
OccupationAcademic, author

Lloyd Norman Axworthy PC CC OM (born December 21, 1939) is a Canadian politician, elder statesman and academic. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien. Following his retirement from parliament, he served as president and vice-chancellor of the University of Winnipeg from 2004 to 2014 and as chancellor of St. Paul's University College (a constituent institution of the University of Waterloo). He is currently the Chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council.

Biography

Axworthy was born in North Battleford, Saskatchewan, to parents Norman and Gwen Axworthy and into a family with strong United Church roots, and received his BA from United College, a Winnipeg-based Bible school, in 1961. He is the older brother of Tom Axworthy and Robert Axworthy (former Manitoba Liberal Party leadership candidate). He received his Ph.D. in politics from Princeton University in 1972 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "The task force on housing and urban development: a study of democratic decision making in Canada."[1] He returned to Canada to teach at the University of Manitoba and the University of Winnipeg. At the latter, he also became the director of the Institute of Urban Affairs.[2]

Early political career

Axworthy became involved in politics during the 1950s, becoming a member of the Liberal Party after attending a speech by Lester B. Pearson. He briefly aligned himself with the New Democratic Party (NDP) in the 1960s when Pearson, as federal opposition leader, called for American Bomarc nuclear warheads to be allowed on Canadian soil. He soon returned to the Liberal fold, however, and worked as an executive assistant for John Turner;[3] he supported Turner's bid to become party leader at the 1968 leadership convention.[4]

Axworthy ran for the party in Winnipeg North Centre in the 1968 election, finishing second against veteran NDP Member of Parliament (MP) Stanley Knowles. He first ran for the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1966 election, placing second to Progressive Conservative Douglas Stanes in St. James. In the 1973 election, he was elected as a Manitoba Liberal in Fort Rouge, He was re-elected in the 1977 election, and was the only Liberal in the legislature from 1977 to 1979.

Federal government

He resigned from the Manitoba legislature on April 6, 1979, to run for the federal House of Commons, and in the 1979 election narrowly defeated former provincial PC leader Sidney Spivak in Winnipeg—Fort Garry. He was re-elected in the 1980 election, becoming the only Liberal MP west of Ontario. He was promoted to cabinet under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, serving as Minister of Employment and Immigration, and then as Minister of Transport.

In the Liberal defeat in the 1984 election, Axworthy was one of only two Liberals west of Ontario to be elected (the other being then Liberal leader John Turner). Axworthy played a role in opposition, supporting tough on crime policies, but also supporting fiscal conservatism by critiquing the fiscal taxation policy of Brian Mulroney. He was an especially vocal critic of the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement.

When the Liberals returned to power in 1993 under Jean Chrétien, Axworthy became a Cabinet minister. After the election, he was given responsibility for the Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC), and launched changes in employment insurance. Although his main interest was urban renewal, in a 1996 cabinet shuffle, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs.

In February 1999 and April 2000, Axworthy was President of the United Nations Security Council with Canada's Ambassador to the UN Robert Fowler. In April 2000, Axworthy supported the highly controversial effort to reduce the sanction against Iraq, under the regime of Saddam Hussein, citing a humanitarian explanation "to avoid making ordinary citizens pay for the actions of their leaders". Axworthy clashed with the US government on this issue, particularly over the lack of alternative options to deter the regime from additional aggression.[5] In 2000, he initiated the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty that led to the UN policy of Responsibility to Protect.[6]

He retired from politics at the 2000 federal election,[7] and was succeeded as MP for Winnipeg South Centre by Anita Neville.

Honours and awards

In 1997, Axworthy was nominated by United States Senator Patrick Leahy to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on banning land mines.[8] He did not win, but was thanked by the recipients, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, as having been instrumental in their effort.[9] Critics, however, viewed Axworthy's land mine campaign and the involvement of political NGOs as counter-productive, since many key nations, including the US, Russia and China did not join.[10]

In 1998, he was one of the two winners of the North–South Prize.[11] In 2003, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada[12] and elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[13]

On October 15, 2012, Elder, Dr. Tobasonakwut Kinew and, Dr. Phil Fontaine, honoured Axworthy – Waapshki Pinaysee Inini, White Thunderbird Man, at a sacred Pipe Ceremony. Axworthy was recognized for his commitment to creating an inclusive learning experience that reflects Indigenous cultures and traditions at UWinnipeg. The ceremony was led by Anishinaabe Elder Fred Kelly and musician and broadcaster Wab Kinew.[14]

Axworthy was presented with an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Environment of the University of Waterloo in October 2014.[15]

On December 30, 2015, Axworthy was promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada, the highest grade of the honour.[16]

After politics

In September 2000, Axworthy returned to academia, joining the Liu Institute for Global Issues at the University of British Columbia. He has published Navigating A New World, a book on the uses of "soft power".

In May 2004, he was appointed as president and vice-chancellor of the University of Winnipeg. He retired in June 2014.

Axworthy is Chair of the Advisory Committee for the Americas Division of Human Rights Watch, a highly controversial position resulting from this organisation's record of political bias, fundraising in Saudi Arabia, and lack of credibility.[17] He also serves on the advisory council of USC Center on Public Diplomacy and of Fair Vote Canada, and is an endorser of the Genocide Intervention Network and International Student Exchange, Ontario.

In 2006, Axworthy was elected to the Board of Directors of Hudbay Minerals, Inc.[18]

He currently serves as the President of the World Federalist Movement-Institute for Global Policy.[19]

Axworthy was installed as Chancellor of St. Paul's University College, a constituent institution of the University of Waterloo, in October 2014.[15] He retired from that position in 2017.

Axworthy is the first Chair of the World Refugee & Migration Council, formed in 2017 by the Centre for International Governance Innovation.[20]

Publications

  • Navigating a New World, Knopf Canada Publishing, 2004
  • Liberals at the Border, University of Toronto Press, 2004
  • The Axworthy Legacy, Edited by O. Hampson, N. Hillmer, M. Appel Molot, Oxford University Press, 2001
  • Boulevard of Broken Dreams: A 40 Year Journey through Portage Avenue - Displacement, Dislocation, and How Osmosis Can Resolve Community Blight', Rattray Canada Publishing, 2014 (In Press)

Electoral history

1997 Canadian federal election: Winnipeg South Centre
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Lloyd Axworthy 20,006 55.89 −5.55
New Democratic Sara Malabar 5,717 15.97 +7.63
Progressive Conservative Andrea Rolstone 5,011 14.00 +4.73
Reform Gary Hollingshead 4,457 12.45 −0.10
Natural Law Ron Decter 224 0.63 +0.09
Independent Jim Blomquist 202 0.56
Marxist–Leninist Karen Naylor 180 0.50 +0.32
Total valid votes 35,797 99.17
Total rejected ballots 299 0.83
Turnout 36,096 64.92
Eligible voters 55,600
Liberal hold Swing -6.59
1993 Canadian federal election: Winnipeg South Centre
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Lloyd Axworthy 25,881 61.44 +3.01
Reform Vern A. Hannah 5,288 12.55 +10.82
Progressive Conservative Mike Radcliffe 3,903 9.26 −19.64
New Democratic Lloyd Penner 3,512 8.34 −2.01
National Bill Loewen 3,099 7.36
Natural Law Elizabeth Innes 225 0.53
Libertarian Clancy Smith 89 0.21 −0.13
Independent Karen Naylor 76 0.18
Canada Party Ben J. Fulawka 54 0.13
Total valid votes 42,127 100.0
Liberal hold Swing -3.90
1988 Canadian federal election: Winnipeg South Centre
Party Candidate Votes %
Liberal Lloyd Axworthy 26,191 58.42
Progressive Conservative Garth Dawley 12,960 28.91
New Democratic Les Campbell 4,637 10.34
Reform Ross Malabar 777 1.73
Libertarian Clancy Smith 154 0.34
Independent Ken Kalturnyk 111 0.25
Total valid votes 44,830 100.0

References

  1. ^ Axworthy, Lloyd (1972). The task force on housing and urban development : a study of democratic decision making in Canada.
  2. ^ "The University of Winnipeg Foundation; The University of Winnipeg". www.uwinnipeg.ca.
  3. ^ Government of Canada, Public Services and Procurement Canada. "Information archivée dans le Web" (PDF). publications.gc.ca. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  4. ^ National Archives of Canada. THOMAS S. AXWORTHY R9029. https://data2.archives.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000000804.pdf
  5. ^ "MPs urge lifting sanctions to halt Iraq 'tragedy': Toronto Star". www.dgp.toronto.edu. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  6. ^ "The Responsibility to Protect". www.idrc.ca. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  7. ^ Geddes, John (23 February 2016). "Maclean's Lifetime Achievement Award - Lloyd Axworthy: A politician who thinks globally, and acts locally". Maclean's. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  8. ^ "Global Ban on Anti-Personnel Mines: efforts deserve Nobel Peace Prize". Disability International. Archived from the original on 21 March 2005. Retrieved 2 July 2005..
  9. ^ "The Norwegian Nobel Institute". Archived from the original on 8 September 2005.
  10. ^ Davenport, David (1 December 2002). "The New Diplomacy". Policy Review.
  11. ^ "The North South Prize of Lisbon". North-South Centre. Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
  12. ^ "Order of Canada Lloyd Axworthy". Office of the Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  13. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  14. ^ "Axworthy Honoured At Sacred Pipe Ceremony". University of Winnipeg. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Lloyd Axworthy to be installed as first chancellor of St. Paul's today". St. Paul's University College. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  16. ^ "Order of Canada Appointments". The Governor General of Canada His Excellency the Right Honourable David Johnston. Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  17. ^ Bernstein, Robert L. (20 October 2009). "Opinion: Rights Watchdog, Lost in the Mideast". New York Times.
  18. ^ "Hudbay Minerals Inc. - News/Media". hudbayminerals.com.
  19. ^ "President | WFM-IGP". www.wfm-igp.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014.
  20. ^ "About the World Refugee & Migration Council". World Refugee & Migration Council. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
26th Ministry – Cabinet of Jean Chrétien
Cabinet posts (4)
Predecessor Office Successor
André Ouellet Minister of Foreign Affairs
1996–2000
John Manley
Larry Schneider Minister of Western Economic Diversification
1993–1996
John Manley
Bernard Valcourt Minister of Employment and Immigration
1993–1996
styled as
Minister of Human Resources Development
Doug Young
Bernard Valcourt Minister of Labour
1993–1995
styled as
Minister of Human Resources Development
Lucienne Robillard
23rd Ministry – Cabinet of John Turner
Cabinet post (1)
Predecessor Office Successor
cont'd from 22nd Min. Minister of Transport
1984
Don Mazankowski
22nd Ministry – Second cabinet of Pierre Trudeau
Cabinet posts (2)
Predecessor Office Successor
Jean-Luc Pépin Minister of Transport
1983–1984
cont'd into 23rd Min.
Ron Atkey Minister of Employment and Immigration
1980–1983
John Roberts
Special Cabinet Responsibilities
Predecessor Title Successor
David MacDonald Minister responsible for the Status of Women
1980–1981
Judy Erola
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
Preceded by Member of the Legislative Assembly for Fort Rouge
1973–1979
Succeeded by
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Winnipeg—Fort Garry
1979–1988
Succeeded by
This electoral district was abolished in 1987
Preceded by
This electoral district was created in 1987
Member of Parliament for Winnipeg South Centre
1988–2000
Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by
Patrick Deane (acting)
President of the University of Winnipeg
June 6, 2004 – June 27, 2014
Succeeded by
New office Chancellor of St. Paul's University College
October 24, 2014
Incumbent